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The scientific name of eugenol is 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol. The molecular formula is C10H12O2, and the molecular weight is 164.21. It is a colorless to light yellow viscous liquid with a strong clove spicy aroma. Boiling point 253 °C, melting point -9.2~-9.1 °C, relative density d25251.053~1.064, refractive index nD201.538~1.542. Slightly soluble in water, miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform, volatile oil, soluble in glacial acetic acid and caustic solution. In the air color gradually darkened and thickened, iron, zinc and other metal ions can urge it to oxidize, so the storage temperature should not exceed 25 °C, protected from light. Eugenol can also turn red litmus blue, and the ethanol solution of ferric chloride is blue. It is found in clove oil (containing 90% of Chemicalbook), clove basil oil (containing about 60%), violet flower oil (containing about 20%), cinnamon leaf oil, bay oil, camphor oil, acacia oil, and citronella oil. The industrial production method is mainly sodium hydroxide solution and eugenol in essential oils to react to form sodium eugenol, remove the organic phase, and then acidify to separate eugenol. On the spices, it can be used as a fixative and modifier for woody and oriental flavors. Eugenol is the main fragrance agent for the preparation of clove, caryophyllum fragrance. It is also often used in mint, nut, spicy food flavors and tobacco flavors. It can also be used to synthesize vanillin. It is also used in medicine and oral hygiene products. Eugenol is included in FEMA2467, USA; FDA approved for use in food.
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