Atropine sulfate

【Name】  Atropine sulfate
【CAS NO 】55-48 -1
【description 】 colorless crystal or white crystalline powder; Odourless. Easy to dissolve in water, easily dissolved in ethanol.
【pharmacological action】atropine can compete with acetylcholine M choline receptor, thus blocking acetylcholine M sample. Tropic o effect on M receptor blocking high selectivity, large doses can also block the ganglion N1 receptors. Medicine conditioning widely.
(1) lift smooth muscle spasm atropine have flabby gut smooth muscle function, its effect and the large dose of the functional state of the small and visceral smooth muscle. Amount of atropine treatment, the impact on the normal activity of smooth muscle is relatively small, but when the smooth muscle spasm or are in a state of excessive contraction, atropine relaxation effect is very obvious. Among various kinds of gut smooth muscle, atropine strongest effect on gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasmolysis, bang bladder detrusor times, while less effect on bile duct, ureteral and bronchial smooth muscle.
(2) glands can restrain the salivary glands, bronchial glands, gastrointestinal glands and lacrimal gland secretion, after using drugs can cause dry mouth and thirst, etc.
(3) the effects on cardiovascular large doses to speed up the heart rate, and the treatment quantity can be briefly slow heart rate; Fight fans go to nerve caused by excessive excitement of atrioventricular block and arrhythmia; Large doses can lift small artery spasm, cramps, and improve microcirculation.
(4) the role of eye pupil, elevated intraocular pressure, paralysis of accommodations.
(5) on the central role in large doses of atropine is an obvious central stimulant, except the pivot in the vagus nerve excitement, respiratory center, can also be excited cerebral cortex motor area and the sensory area. Cause the brain and spinal cord when poisoning of strong excitement.
(6) detoxification atropine is the main antidote to choline drug poisoning. Livestock organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, the body of a large number of acetylcholine, shows strong sample of M and N samples. Atropine can quickly have the effect to remove M sample function of poisoning symptoms, especially to remove bronchospasm, inhibition of bronchus gland secretion, ease gastrointestinal symptoms and against heart inhibition effect. Atropine can remove part of the central nervous system symptoms, but the symptoms of N samples for use to teach. In addition, atropine is meglumine antimoniate for cattle heart toxicity (arrhythmias), quinoline urea peptides, such as a drug of severe adverse reactions mainly antidote.
【Limited 】(1) ease gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasmodic pain.
   (2) before anesthesia, can reduce the secretion of respiratory tract.
           (3) type slow arrhythmia, such as sinus atrial block and atrioventricular block,    etc.
           (4) infection, toxic shock.
           (5) to rescue organophosphorus pesticide poisoning.
           (6) partial dosing for iridocyclitis and mydriatic fundus
【 usage and dosage 】 oral: a quantity, each 1 kg weight, dogs, cats, 0.02 ~ 0.04 mg. Intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous injection: a quantity of 1 kg weight, before anesthesia, horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, 0.02 ~ 0.05 mg; Rescue organic lipid phosphate poisoning, horses, cattle, sheep, pigs 0.5 ~ 1 mg; Dogs, cats, 0.1 ~ 0.15 mg; Poultry 0.1 ~ 0.2 mg.
【 notes 】 (1) the larger doses can strongly gastrointestinal muscle contraction, have caused acute gastric dilatation on horses, cattle, intestinal tympanitis and the risk of rumen drum up gas.
(2) excess poisoning can appear when the pupil loose big, tachycardia, muscle tremors, irritability, hyperthyroidism, restrain excited with the brick, often died of respiratory arrest. To save time for symptomatic treatment, injectable choline medicine against its surroundings, such as injection of physostigmine, or the use of chloral hydrate, stability and short-acting benzodiazepines drugs against central excitement symptoms.