What Are the Basic Principles That Must Be Considered in the Clinical Use of Antibiotics?

Ⅰ. Introduction to antibiotics

Antibiotics refer to a class of secondary metabolites with anti-pathogen or other activities produced by microorganisms (including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) or higher animals and plants in the process of life, which can interfere with the developmental functions of other living cells chemical substances. Commonly used antibiotics in clinics include extracts from microbial culture fluids and chemically synthesized or semi-synthetic compounds.

The bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect of antibacterial agents such as antibiotics is mainly aimed at killing the mechanism of "bacteria have but humans (or other animals and plants) do not", including four major mechanisms of action, namely: inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and enhancing bacterial cell membrane permeability, interfere with bacterial protein synthesis, and inhibit bacterial nucleic acid replication and transcription. Antibiotics can be divided into quinolone antibiotics, β-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, aminoglycoside antibiotics according to their chemical structures. If you are looking for different kinds of antibiotics, Pharmasources would be a great platform for you.

Ⅱ. Basic principles that must be considered in the clinical application of antibiotics

1. Strictly grasp the indications, try not to use those that are available or not, and in addition to considering the pertinence of the antibacterial effect of antibiotics, it is also necessary to grasp the relationship between the adverse reactions of the drug and the process in the body and the curative effect;

2. Antibiotics should not be used for patients with unknown causes of fever. Except for those who are critically ill and highly suspected of bacterial infection, antibiotics should not be used for patients with unknown causes of fever, because antibiotics often make it difficult to detect pathogenic microorganisms and make clinical manifestations atypical, which affects clinical diagnosis and delays treatment;

3. Diseases that are viral or estimated to be viral infections do not have any effect on various viral infections without antibiotics. It is harmless and useless to give antibiotics to patients with measles, mumps, colds, influenza, etc. More than 90% of angina and upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses, so antibiotics are generally not used except for those who can be sure of bacterial infection;

4. Avoid using antibiotics locally on the skin and mucous membranes as much as possible, because allergic reactions are prone to occur after use and the generation of drug-resistant bacteria is likely to occur. Therefore, in addition to the main antibiotics for topical use such as neomycin, bacitracin, other antibiotics, especially the topical application of penicillin G should be avoided as much as possible. Antibiotics should be used in the case of eye mucous membrane and skin burns, and the appropriate period and dose should be selected.