Physiological Effects of Prostaglandins

Prostaglandins exist in animals and humans, and are active substances composed of a class of unsaturated fatty acids with a variety of physiological effects. It was first discovered that it exists in human semen. At that time, it was thought that this substance was released by the prostate, so it was named prostaglandin.

Ⅰ. Effects of prostaglandins on the reproductive system

The neuroendocrine cells acting on the hypothalamus of LH-releasing hormone increase the release of LH-releasing hormone, and then stimulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the anterior pituitary, thereby increasing the secretion of testosterone. Prostaglandins can also directly stimulate the secretion of Leydig cells. Can increase rat testis weight, ribonucleic acid content, hyaluronidase activity and sperm count, and increase sperm motility. Prostaglandins maintain smooth muscle contraction in male reproductive organs and are thought to be involved in ejaculation. PG in the semen relaxes the cervical muscles and promotes the movement of sperm in the reproductive tract of female animals, which is conducive to fertilization. However, a large amount of prostaglandins has an inhibitory effect on male reproductive function. If you are looking for different types of prostaglandins, Pharmasources would be a great platform.

Ⅱ. The effect of prostaglandins on other parts

1. Effects on vascular and bronchial smooth muscle: Different types of prostaglandins have different effects on vascular smooth muscle and bronchial smooth muscle. Prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F can relax vascular smooth muscle, thereby reducing peripheral resistance to blood flow and lowering blood pressure.

2. Effects on the gastrointestinal tract: It can cause smooth muscle contraction, inhibit gastric acid secretion, prevent the erosion of gastric mucosa by strong acid, strong alkali, anhydrous alcohol, etc., and has a cell protection effect. It also has a protective effect on the small intestine, colon, pancreas, etc. It can also stimulate intestinal secretion, hepatic bile secretion, and gallbladder muscle contraction.

3. Effects on the nervous system: Prostaglandins are widely distributed in the nervous system and regulate the release and activity of neurotransmitters. Some people believe that prostaglandins themselves have neurotransmitters.

4. Effects on the respiratory system: Prostaglandin E has the effect of relaxing bronchial smooth muscle, while prostaglandin F is the opposite and is a bronchoconstrictor.

5. Effects on the endocrine system: By affecting the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) in endocrine cells, it affects the synthesis and release of hormones. Such as to promote the secretion of thyroxine and the synthesis of adrenal cortex hormones. Hormonal effects are also reduced by lowering CAMP levels in target organs.