What is Neomycin Sulphate? What type of bacteria does neomycin kill?

Definition

Neomycin Sulphate is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used to treat skin infections, reduce the risk of infections during bowel surgeries, and also reduce the risk of hepatic coma, which is caused by bacteria like gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobic bacilli. This class of antibiotics contains two or more amino sugars connected by glycosidic bonds. (1)(2)(3)

Chemical and Physical Features

• CAS number: 1405-10-3  (3)

• Molecular Structure: (4)

• Molecular Formula: C23H52N6O25S3 (3)

• Weight: 908.9 g/mol. (3)

• Appearance:  

• Neomycin sulphate powder- It is a white to yellowish-white powder.

• As a cream- It appears like a transparent gel.

• As an ointment- It appears like a white creamy texture.

• Other Physical Features: 

• Neomycin Sulphate powder is soluble in water, methanol, acidified alcohols, and insoluble in common organic solvents. It is a stable, and tasteless white to yellowish-white powder. It needs to be stored at 20℃ -25℃ (68℉ - 77℉). Neomycin Sulphate powder is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. When heated, it decomposes to emit irritating fumes and acrid smoke. (4)

• Neomycin cream and ointment need to be stored at a controlled room temperature (between 68 to 77 ℉). (5)

• Brand Names

• Neomycin systemic-

• Neo-Fradin, Mycifradin, Neo-Tab,

• Neomycin Cream and ointments- 

• Myciguent, Cortisporin ointment, ProCoMycin, Neosporin, Medi-Quik, Mycitracin

• Combination products- 

• Neo-Cortef (containing Hydrocortisone, Neomycin)

• Neo-Decadron ( containing Dexamethasone, Neomycin)

• Neo-Medrol ( containing Methylprednisolone, Neomycin) 

• Neomycin Eye Ointment:

• Neo-Polycin HC, Neo-Poly-Bac, Statrol, Neocin-PG, Neoptic, Ocu-spore-G, Poly Pred. (2)(6)

Vitamin B6 forms and specifications

• Neomycin Sulphate API Powder 99%

The 99% high-quality Neomycin sulphate powder is used to treat skin infections like boils, cuts, wounds, impetigo, and infected hair follicles. It kills the micro-organic bacteria, which cause the infection, and reduces redness, itching, and swelling. (7)

• Neomycin Sulphate ointment

Neomycin ointment contains 3.5mg of neomycin sulphate in each gram of the ointment. It helps in preventing minor cuts, scrapes, burns, and other skin infections. It is to be used by adults and children above 2 years of age, about 1-3 times a day, depending upon the severity of the infection. (9)

• Neomycin Sulphate and bacitracin ointment

The Neomycin bacitracin-polymyxin packet contains Neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin. It is an antibiotic that works to kill the bacteria, which cause minor infections on the skin. (8)

• Neomycin Sulphate cream

The neomycin sulphate cream, such as Neomycin 350mg cream, stop the growth of essential proteins that the bacteria thrive on to survive. It relieves itching, pain, redness, and burning of the skin due to bacterial infections. (7)

Mechanism of action of Neomycin Sulphate

Neomycin acts to kill the bacteria, just like any other aminoglycosides. It enters the bacterial cell and binds to the 30 S ribosomal subunit of the bacteria. This binding interferes between the messenger RNA (mRNA) and the subunit, forming non-performing proteins within the bacterial DNA. These non-functional bacteria eventually die.

In the treatment of hepatic coma, neomycin acts to suppress the enzyme in the gut, which helps in breaking down urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. As the levels of ammonia decrease, serum and CSF levels go down, resulting in clinical improvements. 

When small doses of Neomycin are medicated, it forms insoluble complexes with bile acids in the intestine, thus reducing LDL. (10)

Neomycin Sulphate manufacturing process

Neomycin antibiotic is extracted using the solid-state fermentation process. Coconut oil cake is used as the basic solid substrate. To begin with, Streptomyces fradiae NCIM 2418 is grown in 500ml Erlenmeyer flasks. The flask contains 10g of each substrate and 0.2g yeast extract. The moisture content at this point is 45%. Before sterilization, the medium for growth has a pH of 7.2. The flasks are first sterilized at 121℃ for 20 mins. 2ml of spore suspension is inoculated to each flask. The culture is then incubated statically for 8 days at 30℃. The 10 fold phosphate buffer is then shaken at 30℃ for 30 mins on a magnetic shaker. Neomycin is then extracted from this fermented solid medium. Centrifugation is applied to the suspended materials and fungal biomass. This clarified supernatant is used as the crude antibiotic for further extractions. (11)

Neomycin Sulphate uses

• Neomycin sulphate is used as a supplement and a medication, as antibacterial agents and protein synthesis inhibitors. It is generally applied topically.

• Neomycin sulphate tablets are administered in preoperative preparations of the bowel.

• Neomycin sulphate is used for hepatic coma, to achieve neurological improvements.

• Neomycin sulphate in its ointment and cream forms is used to treat eye and skin infections caused by bacteria.

• Neomycin is also used to treat corticosteroid-responsive ocular conditions.

• Neomycin sulphate is used for irrigation of the urinary bladder and spinal cord injuries when used in combination with polymyxin B sulphate. 

• Neomycin sulphate is also used in poultry to treat infections. (3)

Neomycin Sulphate dosage

• Oral dosage when undergoing colorectal surgery.

• Adults- 1g PO in combination with erythromycin or metronidazole for 3 doses over 10 hrs.

• Infants, children, and adolescents -15mg/kg/dose PO - in combination with erythromycin or metronidazole for 3 doses over 10 hrs.

• Oral dosage to treat hepatic coma (tablets or solution)

• Adults- 1 to 3g PO every 6 hrs for 5 to 6 days.

• Children- 50 to 100mg/kg/day PO (equally divided doses) every 6 hrs.

• Topical usage for skin infections

• Application of a thin layer of the cream or ointment about 1-4 times every day.

• Oral dosage to treat infectious diarrhea or bacterial overgrowth syndrome

• Adults and children- 50mg/kg/day PO in 4 divided doses for 2-3 days.

• Neonates- 50mg/kg/day PO divided every 6 hrs. (10)

Neomycin Sulphate side effects

• The most common side effects are vomiting, nausea, or diarrhea.

• Serious side effects can be drowsiness, confusion, mood changes, increased thirst, loss of appetite, weight gain, shortness of breath, shallow breathing, hearing problems, spinning sensation, feeling like you might pass out, loss of balance or coordination, trouble walking, numbness or tingling feeling on the skin, muscle twitching, seizures, urinating less than usual, swelling, severe stomach cramps, skin irritation, burning, redness or rashes. (1)(2)

Neomycin Sulphate API Price

The API price of Neomycin sulphate powder could be somewhere around $ 50/kg. (12)

Neomycin Sulphate API manufacturers in China

Below are some API pharma companies in China.

• Jiayi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd: Jiayi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd is involved in research and development, sales and production, and service of APIs. It serves in countries like Japan, Brazil, India, Turkey, Australia, Iran, Russia, etc.  Some of the products manufactured include Praziquantel, Doxycycline Hyclate, Colistin sulphate, Neomycin sulphate, Albendazole, Streptomycin sulphate, Avermectin B1, Ivermectin, Amoxicillin, etc. (13)

• Huazhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Huazhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was founded in 1968.  They deal with sales and production of APIs and pharmaceutical preparations. They hold the capacity to prepare over 20 billion tablets/ year of solid preparations and 1 billion tablets/ year of injections. (14)

• Nanjing Kingway Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd: Nanjing Kingway Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd does sourcing and marketing of food additives and active pharmaceutical ingredients in China. Materials are exported for both vet and humans. They deal with vitamins, amino acids, minerals, herbal extracts, feed and food additives, cosmetic and health care raw materials, etc. (15)

• Sichuan Long March Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd: Sichuan Long March Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd is a 50-year-old company that produces API products in china. It has reached over 63 countries and established its presence all over the world. The products range include Gentamicin Sulfate, Rifapentine, Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate, Oxytetracycline Dihydrate Injectable, Streptomycin Sulfate (Oral & Sterile Grade), Neomycin Sulphate, Neomycin Sulphate (micronized), Framycetin Sulfate, etc. (16)

• Shandong Huachen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Shandong Huachen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was established in 2001. It specializes in the production of pharmaceutical preparations and raw chemical materials. (17)

You can also find details around more suppliers for Neomycin sulphate API in bulk at PharmaSources.com. PharmaSources.com is one of the leading and trustworthy vertical e-commerce online pharmaceutical marketplaces. It gives information on quality pharmaceutical products and suppliers for its esteemed customers and delivers services to 90,000+ active members. The services are provided to about 211 countries and regions. PharmaSources.com has been successfully selling over 1,600,000 products in 30 major pharmaceutical categories across the supply chain. (20)

FAQs:

What’s the potency of neomycin sulphate in poultry?

Neomycin sulphate is administered in small doses orally. Only a fraction of it is absorbed and the remaining stay back as an active compound in the gastrointestinal tract of the animals. These mild levels help in treating any bacterial infection. Medicines such as Neomix 700 WS are used to treat sheep, goats, calves, swine, and poultry, to eliminate the bacterial infections caused by E.coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter spp. (18)

What type of bacteria does neomycin kill?

Neomycin kills bacteria such as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including staphylococcus aureus. (19)

Sources:

1) https://www.rxlist.com/neomycin-sulfate-side-effects-drug-center.htm#overview

2) https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682274.html

3) https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Neomycin-sulfate

4) https://www.chemsrc.com/en/cas/1405-10-3_1196100.html

5) https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Neomycin-Sulfate-neomycin-sulfate-819

6) https://www.drugs.com/ingredient/neomycin.html

7) https://www.1mg.com/drugs/neosporin-dusting-powder-180544

8) https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11001/neomycin-bacitracin-polymyxin-topical/details

9) https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=22db69b1-3662-49f9-a456-247177c34b1d##

10) https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Neomycin-Sulfate-neomycin-sulfate-819

11) https://www.hindawi.com/journals/btri/2014/674286/

12) https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB0769897.htm

13) http://chjyyy.com/info/About-Us-1-1.htm

14) http://www.huazhong-pharma.com/en/AlonePageDetail.aspx?TMId=78&MId=276

15) http://kingwaypharma.com/

16) http://www.longmarch.com.cn/english/about.asp

17) http://en.huachen.co/html/about/about-186.html

18) https://www.interchemie.com/veterinary-medicines/neomix-700-ws.html

19) https://www.sciencedirect.com › topics › neomycin

20) www.Pharmasources.com