Clean sterilized silk from a breed of moths found to repair damaged spinal cords

Scientists claim that silk could help repair damaged spinal cords by producing material which acts as a ‘scaffold’.

A team of British researchers found cleaned, sterilized silk from a breed of moths had properties well suited to spinal repair.

A modified version of the lightweight material could support nerve growth across damaged regions, they believe.  

Dr Fritz Vollrath, from Oxford University, said the findings are the 'most important and exciting' conducted on the values of silk yet. Both he and a team of researchers at Aberdeen University believe derivatives of silk can aid natural regeneration for major spinal injuries.

Around 50,000 people in the UK have a serious injury to the spinal column, while figures estimate there are around 250,000 in the US, figures show. 

Study author Dr Wenlong Huang, from the University of Aberdeen, said: "It can have devastating effects for people who suffer them."

He said they can lead to a loss of motor and sensory function below the level of injury, bladder and bowel problems and sexual dysfunction.

There is currently no cure for serious traumas because the nerves can't cross the scar tissue barrier and the cavity forming in the column after the injury.

The team discovered that modified Antheraea pernyi silk had important properties desirable in a 'scaffold' suitable for spinal repair.

Their findings, published in the journal Scientific Reports, were derived from petri dish tests on rat cells.

Dr. Huang added "If we can work to find a solution, such as the use of AP silk, to improve their quality of life even slightly then it is beneficial.

"These are still early bench-based studies but they certainly seem to show that AP silk has fantastic properties especially suitable for spinal repair."

AP silk was used because the AP silk has a chemical sequence on its surface that binds to receptors on the nerve cells, encouraging them to attach to the material and grow along it.

Additionally, it didn't trigger a response by the immune system cells that would be present in the spinal cord, therefore minimizing inflammation.

Finally, the AP silk degrades gradually over time. This means, after it has supported the early growth of nerves across the injury site the material dissolves.

These nerves then take over the role as scaffold, supporting further nerve growth in the sight of injury.