What Are The Functions Of Peptides? The Functions Of Peptides That People Have Already Discovered

With the increasing popularity of small molecule peptides, more and more people have just begun to accept and consume small molecule peptides. In fact, many people have very little grasp of peptides. So, what is the effect of taking peptides on the absorption of nutrients? Let’s take a look with everyone below!

Peptides-basic nutrients for cells

Food-derived peptides are new-type proteolytic products made from protein taken as raw materials through enzymatic hydrolysis, separation, and purification. Food-derived peptides come from common sources. According to the different sources of protein raw materials, they can be divided into small animal-derived protein peptides and green plant-derived protein peptides. Food-derived peptides are different in terms of relative molecular mass, and are divided into food-derived oligopeptides (molecular weight less than 1000Da) and food-derived peptides (molecular weight greater than 1000Da).

In the past two decades, researchers from all over the world have done a lot of work on the product development level of food-derived peptides. They have isolated and assessed peptides with various biological activities, such as antioxidants, from different food protein enzymatic substances. Peptides, antihypertensive peptides, antithrombotic peptides, lipid-lowering peptides, opioid peptides, immunomodulatory peptides, antibacterial peptides, etc. Food-derived peptides have a high safety factor, have a universal physiological regulation effect, and are a promising factor. They have become a hot spot in the nutrition and health industry in the world.

Many studies have shown that food-derived peptides have a variety of nutritional and health effects. Some active peptides are present in the amino acid sequence of the protein in terms of their activity, but after enzymatic hydrolysis in or outside the body (such as in the digestive tract and the processing of food materials), this peptide is released. Therefore, they may have a variety of physiological activities. In addition, although the active peptide has a small amount of components in the body, its physiological activity is indeed very obvious.

(1) Peptides promote amino acid absorption and protein synthesis

Among the food-derived peptides, the oligopeptide (generally composed of 2-6 amino acids) shipping system has the characteristics of faster speed, low energy consumption, and is not easily saturated, and it is absorbed faster than relatively dispersed amino acids. Because oligopeptides and dispersed amino acids have an unrelated absorption system, the two interfere with each other, so it helps to alleviate the absorption inhibition caused by the competition of dispersed amino acids with each other's absorption domains, thereby promoting the absorption of peptide-form amino acids and high synthesis of proteins. Efficiency also rises.

For example, when lysine and arginine exist in a dispersed form, they will compete with each other for the absorption domain, and when lysine and arginine exist in a peptide form, arginine is not harmful to its absorption. In addition, oligopeptides in the circulatory system can also directly participate in the synthesis of institutional proteins. Studies have shown that when peptides are used as the nitrogen source, the overall protein accumulation is higher than the relative amino acid diet or detailed protein diet.

(2) Peptides promote the absorption of mineral elements

Many studies have reported that food-derived peptides have the effect of promoting the absorption and utilization of mineral elements. Food-derived peptides can generate chelate with chemical elements to improve water solubility, thereby promoting the absorption of mineral elements. For example, the phosphorylated serine residue contained in the hydrolyzed casein phosphopeptide can bind to Ca2+ and Fe2+, thereby improving its solubility.

Meiser et al. isolated tyrosopeptide from bovine casein, and its serine methyl group is basically phosphorylated. This phosphopeptide concentrates a lot of negative electricity, can block further proteolysis, and can bind to dispersed calcium, Metal ions such as iron, copper, and zinc produce soluble salts to increase their concentration in the intestinal lumen and promote the whole process of passive transport of such positive ions.

(3) Peptides improve immunity

Food-derived peptides have immune activity, can improve human immunity, and have an important regulatory effect on the immune system. In 1984, Parker et al. isolated an immunologically active peptide (Val-Gln-Pro-Ile-Pro-Tyr) from casein hydrolysate, which can stimulate the inflammatory mediator of mouse abdominal macrophages to red blood cells in Mianyang.

In 1991, Coste et al. isolated a 17 peptide (Tyr-Gln-Gln-Pro-Val-Leu-Gly-Pro-Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-Phe-Pro-Ile-Ile- Val), proliferation of rat lymph node cells that stimulate the pre-allergic reaction and rat spleen lymphocytes without allergic reaction. In 2003, Tsuruki et al. isolated a 13 peptide, Met-Ile-Thr-Leu-Ala-Ile-Pro-Val-Asn-Lys-Pro-Gly-Arg from β-conglycinin. It is called Soymetide, which proves that it has a strong immunomodulatory effect.

(4) Antioxidant effect of small molecule peptides

Because of the potential health hazards of artificial antioxidants, pure natural and safe antioxidants have become a major research focus at this stage. Food-derived peptides have the characteristics of small molecular weight and easy absorption. They can achieve anti-aging effects by inhibiting the peroxidation of biological macromolecules and eliminating free radical substances in the body.

At present, many peptides with antioxidant activity have been obtained from different protein sources, such as soybean peptides, corn peptides, fish protein peptides, porcine hemoglobin peptides, wheat germ protein peptides, royal jelly protein peptides, whey protein peptides, Potato protein peptides and so on. Udenigwe and others selected protease and thermolysin to hydrolyze linen kernel protein, and obtained peptide components with molecular weight less than 1000Da after ultrafiltration, which has a strong ability to eliminate superoxide anion free radicals. Li et al. isolated peptides from chickpea protein, and the results showed that chickpea protein peptides have very good antioxidant capacity.

(5) Antihypertensive effect of bioactive peptides

In 1966, Ferreira and others first discovered the angiotensinase (ACE) inhibitory peptide from the venom agents of the South American bell snake. ACE inhibitory peptides can be used to treat hypertension and have high safety characteristics. Therefore, it has always been a research focus to find highly effective ACE inhibitory peptides. Next, everyone isolated and obtained many short peptides with ACE inhibitory effects from the proteolytic substances of foods such as rapeseed, fungi, potatoes, soybeans, cheese, rice protein, etc. Tests showed that this ACE inhibitory peptide is effective in spontaneous hypertension. Rats and hypertensive patients have the effect of lowering blood pressure, but have no effect on blood pressure standard rats.

Although this bioactive peptide is not as effective as synthetic drugs, it is reliable and has no side effects. Therefore, it can be used to develop functional foods, and through in-depth research on its mechanism of action and its structure, new drugs can be obtained or synthesized for the treatment of hypertension. the way. Bougatef et al., Tsai et al., He et al. each carried out enzymatic hydrolysis of tuna by-products, clam meat, and fish bone protein, and found the ACE inhibitory peptide of the base enzyme.

(6) The effect of other nutrients of active peptides

Food-derived peptides also have many other important physiological activities, such as morphine-like activity, hormones and regulating hormones, anti-thrombosis, lowering cholesterol, inhibiting bacteria, anti-viral treatment, anti-cancer, regulating the nervous system, hormones and hormones Regulate, promote growth and development, adjust the taste, taste and strength of foods.

Expert Professor Li Chengsen said: The various benefits of peptides and their peptides do not have the problem of overeating; peptides can promote the absorption of nutritional health products, health products, and drugs that you have eaten.

Summary of the health effects of peptides on the body:

Inhibition-inhibit cell transformation and improve human immunity.

Exciting words-Exciting cell activity, reasonable elimination of free radicals harmful to the body.

Repair-repair the body's transsexual cells and improve cell metabolism.

Promote-promote and maintain the normal metabolism of cells.

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