Application of biological antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of oral diseases

The main factors of dental caries are bacteria, food materials, host and time. The direct cause of dental caries is that bacteria produce biofilm and produce acid to demineralize teeth. Moreover, the biofilm structure shows the ability of bacteria to resist antibiotics. In addition, traditional antibiotics are easy to cause drug resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new drugs that can inhibit microorganisms in dispersed or biofilm conditions. Nowadays, the development of new antimicrobial agents using antimicrobial peptides as raw materials to replace traditional antibiotics has become a research hotspot.

1. Types and molecular biological characteristics of antimicrobial peptides

Microbial antimicrobial peptide is a kind of small molecular polypeptide with high efficiency and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, which is induced by the special external standards of multicellular organisms. It can be produced by the defense system of multicellular organisms according to gene coding and ribosome generation. It exists in a variety of organisms, from prokaryotes to green plants and animals (including vertebrates and invertebrates). In 1980, cecropins, which were induced by Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli, were the first antimicrobial peptides found in the world.

2. Structure and antibacterial principle of antimicrobial peptides

The Cecropin B gene, with a CAAT frame, a Tata frame, a cap domain, Ploya tailing signal, its introns and some pseudogenes, is a typical eukaryotic gene. Antimicrobial peptides belong to small molecular active peptides, which are composed of 12-50 amino acids. They are amphoteric molecules. They are usually positively charged. The N-terminal is full of polar amino acids, and the C-terminal is usually fluorobenzene. Under certain standards, some antimicrobial peptides are easy to produce α - helix at the N-terminal and β - stretching in the middle. According to the different amino acid sequences and secondary structures, they can be divided into: α - helix type Antimicrobial peptides, β - stretching antimicrobial peptides, antibacterial peptides with ring structure and spiral structure antibacterial peptides with flexion and extension.

3. Antibacterial activity and function of antibacterial peptides

Antimicrobial peptides have the characteristics of small molecular weight, good thermal stability and biocompatibility, unique mechanism of action, not easy to cause drug resistance and adverse reactions in human body.

4. The application of antibacterial peptides in the treatment of oral diseases

Caries and periodontal disease are two main diseases in the oral cavity. The incidence rate of 60-90% is worldwide, and the microorganisms in plaque biofilm are the main causes of the disease. Traditional antibiotics are easy to induce gene mutation of microorganisms and cause drug resistance. Chloride caries prevention is only reasonable in a part of the population. Therefore, new antimicrobial peptides have become the focus of oral microbiology research in recent years, which can inhibit the microorganisms existing in the condition of dispersion or biofilm.

The gel made from antibacterial peptides is effective in treating dental inflammation caused by oral sensitive bacteria. Iantribiotcs company is developing an antibacterial peptide (lseganan) gargle for the treatment of stomatitis. In vitro studies have shown that the mouthwash can reasonably relieve the symptoms of stomatitis and reduce the pain in the mouth and throat.

In general, antimicrobial peptides have clear clinical value in the control of oral microorganisms because of their small molecular weight, good water solubility, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, no drug resistance, and reasonable control of plaque production. The new antibacterial peptide has been made into various preparations for clinical application, including oral care liquid, dental gel, oral spray and so on. It is expected to become a new substitute for traditional antibiotics.

For any requests of Peptide for research purpose, welcome to contact us. www.gtpeptide.com , sales1@gotopbio.com.